Documentation

Advocacy

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Digital Security

How to Deal with Online Abuse or Harassment

Many human rights defenders around the world experience online harassment. This is largely due to the rise of social media and its growing use in activism. No one is immune to threats: in a 2018 statement by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra’ad Al...

Law

Criticisms and Shortcomings of the ICC

For an overview of the ICC, its development and structure, refer to the article. The ICC has been subject to criticisms since its establishment. Lack of executive/enforcement power: Apart from the post-trial enforcement issue, the ICC also suffers from pre-trial...

A Brief Overview of the International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent criminal tribunal "based on the voluntary transfer of criminal competences of sovereign states and not unilaterally dictated by an alliance of power nations”. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court...

Retributive vs. Restorative Justice

The Preamble of UN Security Council Resolution 995 (1994), which led to the creation of the ICTY, states that, “[T]he prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law would … contribute to the process of national...

Case Studies

What is the Universal Periodic Review?

UPR: Background The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is an instrument that periodically reviews the human rights situations of all 193 UN member states. It was established in 2006 as the centerpiece of the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC). While other human rights...